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EXAMPLE EXAM QUESTIONS
UNIT II: PHYSIOLOGY
1. One reason that an amoeba cannot be as large as a whale (re: the giant blob) is that
a. there simply is not enough food in the ocean to support such a large amoeba.
b. the volume would be much too small for its surface area.
c. the surface area would be too small to hold that much volume.
d. the amount of surface area per unit volume would be too small for sufficient gas exchange.
e. none of the above.
2. The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable cell membrane
is called
a. dialysis
b. osmosis
c. cytoplasmic streaming
d. cohesion
e. bulk flow
3. Prevailing air currents that move from the east to the west include
a. trade winds only
b. polar easterlies only
c. northern trade winds and southern polar easterlies only
d. southern trade winds and northern polar easterlies only
e. all trade winds and polar easterlies of the world
4. In which parts of the world is the greenhouse effect usually the
least?
a. tropical regions
b. coniferous forests
c. temperate forests
d. grasslands
e. deserts
5. Tropical rain forests exhibit all of the following except
a. high rainfall.
b. moderate temperatures (70º to 80º F).
c. a thick humus layer of topsoil that is rich with nutrients.
d. high humidity.
e. intense light competition.
6. Microclimate is
a. only short term climate.
b. that climate that exists only within a few millimeters of the body surface of an organism.
c. the climatic conditions within 3 feet of the earth's surface.
d. any climate that has been modified by rocks, caves, plants or animals.
e. c and d above
7. The polar regions are colder than equatorial regions because they
receIve
a. more energy and radiate less.
b. less energy and radiate more.
c. more energy and radiate more.
d. less energy and radiate less.
e. none of the above.
8. Which of the following is involved in autotrophic nutrition but
never in heterotrophic nutrition?
a. active transport
b. sugar
c. ATP
d. protein
e. none of the above
9. Which of the below is an example of autotrophic nutrition?
a. photosynthesis
b. saprophytic nutrition
c. saprozoic nutrition
d. phagocytosis
e. action of fungal hyphae in soil
10. Which of the structures is an essential component involved in
photosynthesis
a. cortex
b. pith
c. hyphae
d. the Casparian strip
e. chloroplasts
11. Primary function of root hairs is to
a. hold down the plant
b. act as a tap root
c. increase surface area of the root
d. regulate intake of materials
e. all of the above
12. Water taken into a root from the soil may move through spaces
in the cell walls and thus never have to cross a cell membrane, except in
the
a. epidermis
b. cortex
c. endodermis
d. xylem
e. phloem
13. Water moves from the roots to the leaves through vascular tubes
called
a. phloem
b. xylem
c. stomates
d. veins
e. arterioles
14. In an older stem, cells of the vascular cambium multiply and form
a. secondary xylem towards the interior part of the stem
b. pith in the center of the stem.
c. primary phloem towards the outer part of the stem.
d. cortex towards the interior of the stem.
e. secondary cortex just under the epidermis.
15. The movement of water upward in xylem vessels is thought to occur
as a consequence of
a. cytoplasmic streaming.
b. transpiration pull.
c. turgor pressure.
d. wall pressure.
e. mass flow.
16. Which one of the following is the correct sequence of tissues
in the vascular cylinder of a three-year-old dicot stem, moving from the center
toward the periphery?
a. primary phloem, secondary phloem, vascular cambium, secondary xylem, primary xylem, pith
b. pith, secondary xylem, primary xylem, vascular cambium, primary phloem, secondary phloem
c. pith, primary xylem, secondary xylem, vascular cambium, secondary phloem, primary phloem
d. pith, primary xylem, secondary xylem, vascular cambium, primary phloem, secondary phloem
e. pith, secondary xylem, primary xylem, vascular cambium, secondary phloem, primary phloem
17. It is common knowledge that large trees can be killed by girdling
them, i.e., by removing their outer and inner bark. The chief reason girdled
trees die is that
a. the tender inner tissues of the stem are exposed to infection.
b. transport of water from the roots to the aerial parts of the shoot is seriously disrupted.
c. transport of inorganic ions from the roots to the shoot is seriously disrupted.
d. transport of organic nutrients from the leaves to the roots is seriously disrupted.
e. transport of CO2 from the leaves to the roots is seriously disrupted.
18. A stomate is
a. the digestive cavity of cnidarians
b. a specialized feeding gill of a clam
c. an opening in the lower epidermis of a leaf
d. a blind sac in the lung of a vertebrate
e. an opening into the tracheal system of an insect
19. Water loss from thin leaves of vascular plants is greatly reduced
by a protective layer called
a. epidermal cells
b. palisade mesophyll
c. cohesion
d. the Casparian Strip
e. the cuticle
20. During the day in the presence of sunlight, which of the following
gasses exit from the plant in greater amounts than enter?
a. carbon dioxide, water
b. carbon dioxide, oxygen
c. water, oxygen
d. nitrogen, oxygen
e. carbon, sugar
21. When guard cells swell up and become turgid
a. the stomate opens
b. the stomate closes
c. transpiration stops
d. water is lost through the stomate
e. a and d above
22. The principle site of gas exchange in the leaf is the
a. upper epidermis.
b. cuticle.
c. lenticel.
d. spongy mesophyll.
e. lower epidermis
23. Phagocytosis is
a. engulfing of food by a single cell
b. cell drinking
c. an oral groove
d. extracellular digestion
e. intracellular digestion
24. Digestion is
a. the intake of food into an organism
b. a blind sac in cnidarians or flatworms
c. a form of phagocytosis
d. a process of breaking down food into an absorbable form by means of enzymes
e. all of the above
25. An association between two different organisms in which one benefits
and the other is harmed
a. endosymbiotic
b. mutualism
c. parasitism
d. commensal
e. saprophytic
26. One form of heterotrophic nutrition is
a. dialysis
b. phagocytosis
c. chemosynthesis
d. photosynthesis
e. osmosis
27. Urea is
a. the end product of protein metabolism in mammals
b. a complex protein that contains iron
c. the fluid portion of lymph
d. contained in blood platelets
e. none of the above
28. All the following organisms have closed circulatory systems except
a. earthworm
b. fish
c. frog
d. grasshopper
e. human
29. Vasoconstriction occurs
a. when capillary sphincters constrict
b. when capillary sphincters relax
c. when capillaries expand
d. when capillaries contract
e. only when heart rate slows down
30. White blood cells
a. are also called erythrocytes
b. phagocytize invading bacteria
c. lack a nucleus
d. are specialized to carry oxygen
e. contain blood clotting enzymes
31. A complex protein found in blood that contains iron (Fe) is a
a. blood clotting enzyme
b. found in white blood cells
c. called hemoglobin
d. only carried by lymph fluid
e. found in blood platelets
32. In the human heart, blood flows via the following route
a. left atrium» right atrium » lungs » left ventricle » right ventricle.
b. right atrium » left ventricle » lungs » left atrium » right ventricle.
c. left atrium» left ventricle »lungs » right atrium» right ventricle.
d. right atrium » right ventricle » lungs » left atrium » left ventricle.
e. right atrium» right ventricle » lower body» left atrium » left ventricle.
33. A tracheal system is found in
a. insects
b. humans
c. clams
d. crayfish
e. sea cucumbers
34. The smallest functional units of human lungs where gas excnange occurs are me
a. alveoli
b. villi
c. tracheoles
d. bronchioles
e. nasal passages
35. When birds inhale
a. air from the parabronchi of the lung enter the anterior air sac.
b. air from the posterior air sac enters the lung.
c. air is forced out of the parabronchi in the lung into the posterior air sac.
d. air is forced out of the anterior air sac into the bronchi.
e. air is forced out of the anterior air sac into the lung.